Mid-October 2025, Madagascar is in a serious political crisis following weeks of escalating protests and allegations of an attempted coup against President Andry Rajoelina. Rajoelina reportedly fled the country as soldiers joined demonstrations, though his exact whereabouts were unconfirmed. This political turmoil is compounded by long-standing economic hardship and a worsening humanitarian situation due to recurring natural disasters.
Political crisis
Widespread Protests: A wave of youth-led protests began in late September 2025, sparked by chronic power and water shortages. The demonstrations grew to include broader public anger over high unemployment, inflation, the cost of living, and government corruption.
Military Involvement: Tensions escalated when a powerful army unit, the Army Personnel Administration Center (CAPSAT), sided with the protesters on October 12, 2025. The unit announced it had taken control of the military and refused orders to shoot at demonstrators.
President's Flight: Amid rumors of his departure, President Rajoelina confirmed via a live Facebook address on October 13 that he had gone to a "safe location". The day before, he had denounced the growing unrest as an "illegal attempt to seize power".
International Response: The African Union (AU) Peace and Security Council held an emergency meeting on October 13, 2025, to discuss the political unrest and potential for a military coup. The UN has called for restraint, warning against the use of unnecessary force against protesters.
Turbulent History: Madagascar has a history of political instability since gaining independence in 1960. Rajoelina himself first came to power through a military coup in 2009.
Economic and humanitarian situation
Growing Poverty and Inequality: Despite economic growth of around 4.2% in 2024, living standards have not significantly improved. Poverty remains widespread, with the World Bank reporting a 75.2% national poverty rate in 2022, especially severe in the south and southeast.
Climate Change Impacts: The country is highly vulnerable to climate shocks, including cyclones, droughts, and floods. Multiple cyclones and storms, including Jude, Honde, and Faida, hit the island in early 2025, causing displacement and damage.
Increased Humanitarian Needs: The combination of political instability and climate-related disasters has led to a deteriorating humanitarian situation.
Food Insecurity: A prolonged drought and locust infestations have worsened food security, particularly in the south. In September 2025, 1.2 million people were projected to face acute food insecurity.
Malnutrition: Acute malnutrition, including severe wasting, has surged, especially among children.
Disease Outbreaks: A malaria outbreak, poor sanitation, and floodwaters have contributed to the spread of waterborne diseases.
Limited Funding: Efforts by organizations like UNICEF and the WFP to address the humanitarian crisis are challenged by funding shortages, which have forced the closure of some aid offices and limited operational capacity.
Travel information
Travel Advisory Intensified: Due to the political unrest and protests, the U.S. Department of State issued a Level 3 "Reconsider Travel" advisory for Madagascar in late September 2025.
Overnight Curfew: An overnight curfew is in effect in the capital, Antananarivo, and other major cities.
Disrupted Travel: Protests have blocked some roads to the Antananarivo airport, leading to cancelled flights.
Updated Guidance: Travelers are advised to avoid protests, stay informed about the situation, and have emergency plans that don't depend on government assistance.
